Essay --

Income inequality continues to increase in today’s world, especially in the United States. Income inequality means the unequal distribution between individuals’ assets, wealth, or income. In the Twilight of the Elites, Christopher Hayes, a liberal journalist, states the inequality gap between the rich and the poor are increasing widening, and there need to have things done - tax the rich, provide better education - in order to shortening the inequality gap. America is a meritocratic country, which means that everybody has equal opportunity to be successful regardless of their class privileges or wealth. However, equality of opportunity does not equal equality of outcomes. People are having more opportunities to find a better job, but their incomes are a lot less compared to the top ten percent rich people. In this way, the poor people will never climb up the ladder to high status and become millionaires. Therefore, the government needs to increase all the tax rates on rich people in order to reduce income inequality. 1. Tax Cuts Caused Income Inequality Income inequality is a big problem in the United States because the top, wealthiest American saw huge increases in their incomes, which the rest had their incomes go down. Bottom people do not have the same amount of money and the opportunity to move up the social ladder as the rich people do. In order to reduce income inequality, the government needs to tax the rich people more, and give poor people more money and more social services - education, food subsidies, health care. Tax cuts are only benefiting the richest people, and will widen the inequality gap between the rich and the poor. A recent report from the Congressional Research Service states, â€Å"as the top tax rates a... ...ot let this inequality gap continues to rise; therefore, the government needs to tax heavily onto the rich people, and redistribute their money to the poor. If income inequality continues to grow, the economy will break down. For example, if the housing price continues to rise because of the rich people, poor people will not have a place to live since they cannot afford to buy these expensive houses. When this happens, it will create another housing bubble because the houses are not worth buying, which means the market value of the house exceeds the house’s value; therefore, nobody will buy the house including the riches since they already have houses to live. Moreover, poor people do not believe they can get access to wealth because they cannot afford anything, and they cannot afford the tuition fees for a good education, which is the traditional route to success.

Bob Crachit Essay

How does Dickens use imagery and language to present the character of Ebenezer Scrooge in Stave one of ‘A Christmas Carol? ‘ Charles Dickens started writing ‘A Christmas Carol’ in the 18th Century. Whilst writing the novel he was experiencing a world that had totally forgotten about Christmas and had no time for it. It was the industrial revolution, things were changing and with it the people were. They did not have time to enjoy Christmas they were more bothered about earning money. This is the kind of character Scrooge is which I will explain later on. Being in this kind of world affected Dickens novel; but it also influenced him to create a character called Scrooge. Who wouldn’t care about Christmas; and only caring for business and money. Dickens knew that if he could get people into the Christmas spirit by attracting their attention to his novel. But little did he know he was about to re-inject the Christmas spirit into Britain. Dickens kicks off his extravagant novel by introducing a dead character with the name of Marley who he chose to create as a Ghost. By starting off his novel like this Dickens is directly addressing the reader – by using the word ‘You’: ‘You will therefore permit me to repeat emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail’. By addressing the reader like this it automatically draws the reader into the story as though they are experiencing what Dickens is trying to make them experience – by making them apart of the story by being addressed directly. It also makes the reader want to know more for example they might want to know why Marley is dead and therefore this makes them read on. The main character of the novel is named Scrooge. He is present by dickens as a: ‘Squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! ‘ By doing this it makes the reader think that Scrooge is an old, mean, miserable man. Of which has no friends in existence – excluding his past. Dickens mentions that Scrooge is: ‘Squeezing’ Meaning that he would ‘Squeeze’ every last drop out of anything he could, not only money but make people work over their limit. For example Bob Cratchit, his apprentice would work as hard as he could each day, and make Scrooge feel that Bob hasn’t got away with easy money. Scrooge is described by Dickens in many different ways; for example Dickens compares him with other things:’External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm, nor wintry weather chill him. No wind that blew was bitterer than he. ‘ In this small paragraph dickens has used a good use of imagery – weather imagery. He compares Scrooge with the weather and shows that he a cold person who could never be warm hearted. Dickens shows that Scrooge has no feeling, nothing can chill him, and nothing can warm him. Scrooge is immensely described as worse than the weather: ‘No wind that blew was bitter than he’ This meaning nothing could be worse than Scrooge; Dickens insults his own character with no grief. Nothing could be worse than having Scrooge on your case – he is bitterer than the wind. Dickens goes on to downgrade Scrooge to nothing by saying rain, show, hail and sleet could: ‘Boast an advantage over him, they often came down handsomely and Scrooge never did’. This meaning that the weather could come down gently and calmly but Scrooge is an old man who is not gentle or calm instead fierce and very uptight. Myself as a reader I would feel that Scrooge is an old hag who is most likely very lonely and despises everyone but himself; and that he is very selfish and would never spare a penny to anyone but himself. I would also feel that Dickens is trying to get across a strong description of Scrooge. When Dickens was describing Scrooge a key line is: ‘The cold within him froze his old features’. The line above has no meaning, for example it adds to his description and as a reader it could feel as though the cold within him has frozen his good side like an ice age. It exists inside him but he can’t release it. Another example is: ‘Hard and sharp as a flint’ This is a simile; it shows two sides of Scrooge. Flint is a rock; which was used by humans in the Stone Age. It was used for two things, which shows two sides of Scrooge. They used it for warmth which shows that Scrooge could have a good side in him, and they also used it for weapons, to harm things i. e. a tool could cut you. This shows the bad side of Scrooge – he is two faced. Once the reader hears about Scrooge’s appearance, we think as if Scrooge was a ghost, or he was dead with his corpse still existing. Dickens uses adjectives like: ‘Blue lips’ ‘Red eyes’ These lines make us think as if Scrooge was dead because he has frozen lips and bloodshot eyes as if he doesn’t sleep. It makes the reader feel aware of how dangerously scary Scrooge looks to go with his attitude and lifestyle. The place in which Scrooge’s house is situated also shows his personality. His house is away from other houses and is in the middle of a business district. Also, inside his house it is dark and gloomy he double locks the doors as if to lock himself away form the world. His house sets the scene for later in the novel. His house reminds the reader of a haunted house; linking Scrooge with his description of being like a ghost. Scrooge doesn’t like Christmas. The word which he uses to sum up Christmas is: ‘Humbug’ Meaning nonsense. Scrooge makes a speech about Christmas to his nephew, part of it is: ‘Merry Christmas! Out upon merry Christmas! What’s Christmas time to you but a time for paying bills without money; a time for finding yourself a year older, and not an hour richer’ This sums up what he feels about Christmas. He doesn’t see the fun side of it, or the religious side of celebrating a special time in the Christian faith. He just looks at the gloomy side, and thinks it is a waste of time. Also Scrooge talks bout money, saying you find yourself a year older, and not an hour richer, and also saying it is just a time where you have to pay the bills showing again he is thinking bout his money and nothing else. Scrooge also says that the poor don’t have a right to be happy: ‘What right have you to be merry? What reason have you to be merry? You’re poor enough. ‘ He’s saying that the poor should be unhappy, that they are not rich enough to be happy, and that they should be gloomy and sad and not have the right to have a good time. This shocks the reader. Before, the reader just feels that Scrooge is gloomy and lonely, but now they feel as though Scrooge is a cold-hearted, nasty, mean old man who doesn’t care about anybody but himself. Later in the novel we find out more about why Scrooge may be like this. I think Scrooge thinks this way about Christmas because of how he was treated by his father when he was a child. His father used to leave him alone and not take him home from boarding school but leave him there in a dull little room reading books. Scrooge once fell in love with a woman called Bell. This brought the Christmas spirit into him but then they broke up and that made Scrooge go back to hating Christmas. When people saw Scrooge in the street nobody would stop him to talk, everyone would leave him alone and not dare speak to him. ‘Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him; and they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would their tails as thought they said, ‘no eye at all is better than an evil eye’ This sentence shows what everyone thought of Scrooge.

The Weak Form Efficiency Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1814 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Fama, after the publication of his world renowned article in May 1970 he is known as the godfather of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). It all began when he submitted his Ph.D. thesis which entitled Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work. In that paper he defined the concept of accurate market efficiency. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Weak Form Efficiency Finance Essay" essay for you Create order EMH allows that when there is new information available, some of the managers or the investors may overreact and some of them may underreact with the change in the new information. The main requirement of the EMH is to ensure that the managers (investors) reactions are random, which means the pattern of the results on net effect on market prices cannot be exploited by the managers (investors) for an abnormal profit for their company. So that it has random walk. Therefore if someone makes a profit from a share everybody can make a profit from it and if someone makes a loss then everybody makes a loss on that share. Fama came up with three forms of efficient market hypothesis. They are: weak form efficiency, semi-form efficiency and strong form efficiency. These three forms have different kinds of explanation how the markets run. 1- Weak Form efficiency- The price of the share cannot be predicted by the investors by analysing from the past results or by past series. It is quite i mpossible to gain abnormal profits by analysing the future price of the share, by any managers investment strategic or by historical results. The price of the share cannot have any series results, which means the results of the future price movement is predicted by the information which does not have any past results or past series. The price of the future result must have a random walk. Figure 1 show that it is quite impossible for the managers to predict the future price as the price the share is constantly moving. Fiqure-1 2- Semi Form Efficiency- It states that the price of the share cannot be manipulate by publicly available information in a very unbiased fashion, so that no extra profit can be made by the managers (investors) by studying all the public information. The adjustments of the information to the public must be reasonable size so that no one can manipulate the price of the share. If there is any such information then it will suggest that the information has been provided to manipulate the price of the share, which means the provider has acted in an inefficient manner. Figure 2 shows that the results after the public announcement. Fiqure-2 3-Srong Form Efficiency- It shares all the information with the public and with the investors but it makes sure no one can get any extra profit with the available information. There can only be a legal restriction on providing all the information to the public with the fear it may be manipulated by inside trading, or sharing the information. The market has to be fair so that the managers (investors) can earn extra profits for long period of time. In 1996 and in 2008 Dhaka Stock Exchange saw a massive blow in their Stock Exchange by not controlling the information, which resulted of inside trading. Figure -3 shows even though the results at the end are consistent but it is difficult for long term to predict for the managers (investors) all over the world. Figure- 3 PART -B Introduction The most important issue in finance research and interest is the efficiency of financial markets. When money is put in the market by the investors their aim is to generate the return on the capital invested as quickly as possible. Efficient market is where the market price is unbiased to estimate the true value of the investment. There are several key concepts: Market price and the true value do not have to be same every time. Examples Price of the outcome can be greater or less then the true value as long the deviation are random. Facts of the results of the deviation of the true value are random, which means there is a chance the value of the stock is undervalued or overvalued. No investors can be able to find the consecutive outcome of under or over value. Analysis Positive signs tend to proceed from good financial reports from a company. That is the reason why the technical patterns makes the move forward and anticipate the fundamental reports. Brock et al (1992), Technical analysis offers the investors with the opportunity of responding in real-time to a stocks behavior in which the investors do not have to wait for the next report from the company. Brock et al (1992), Fundamental analysis looks at the financial statement of the company .Therefore the investor can make a decision for the investment by the past financial statement. Efficient markets theory describe the price of an assets must show all the information that is available about the core value of the asset. Almost every form of the financial securities covers in efficient market theory (EMT) but except one kind of security which is being well discussed, shares of common stock in company. Theoretically, the investors get encouraged by the actuality of undervalued or overvalu ed stocks. That is the only reason there is a change in price of current value of future cash flow. Investment analysis looks at the mispriced stocks and that makes the market more effective which causes the price to yield the core value. The efficient market has to be random so the new information is random as well (favorable or unfavorable), which results in random walk in stock prices. This drives the investors not to invest heavily because there is no certainty of the returns as the price reflects the core value. In two ways the informational efficiency matters in stock prices. They are: investors care whether various trading strategies can earn returns and if stock prices reveal all the information accurately. To differentiate among the three forms of market efficiency it is easy to say that weak form stops technical analysis from being profitable, while semi-strong form stops the profitability of both technical and fundamental analysis, and strong form results, that even th ose with inside information of the company cannot expect to earn excess returns. Evidence for and against the Efficient Market Hypothesis Weak form efficiency A) The day of the week effect Cross (1973) and Gibbons and Hess (1981) elaborated that share prices fall on Mondays and rise on Fridays. However Dickinson and Muragu (1994) studied that the Nairobi Stock Exchange and found out that the day of the week effect does not affect the small stock exchange. Therefore it can be said the EMH is preferable in most of the stock exchanges in the world as it is not easy to predict by the outcome by the managers (investor) to invest in any stock exchange. B) The January small firms effect EMH face the challenge when January effects comes around, Keim (1983) sttes that US stock market studied that not only the return on stocks in January is high in relation to other months but the returns of small company stocks perform better in the month of January. Burton Malkiel, asserts Wall Street traders now joke that the January effect is more likely to occur on the previous Thanksgiving. Therefore it can be said even though the firms benefit from th e seasonal effect but there is no certainty with the actual result. The investors may think to invest more in December but they do not know the actual results. Semi strong Efficiency A) The price earnings effect Basu (1977) studied from 1957 71 the portfolio of different price earnings ratios ( P/E ) and the result was that the return on company stocks with low P/E ratios is much higher than the return on companies with relatively high P/E. In (1993) Fuller examined series of test but still got the same result but he found out that the result is not the same for the superiorly low company. Therefore it can be said though price earning effect can occur in stock market but it does not mean it will be for every low company. The investor will struggle to invest in that company because the low profile company results always different. B) The size effect Banz (1981) studied that the period of 1936 77 the excess return from holding stocks in the small company compared to the large company by 19.8 %. The firm size effect was as accurate as the firms betas in explaining the excess return which clearly contradict with the EMH. However some author urged that the r esults from the small firms are too low to evaluate their historical results. Strong Form Efficiency A) The Directors/Mangers share purchase Jaffe (1974) studied that the managers and the directors earn excess return from their trade, with all the information of inside which is contradictory with strong -form EMH. After the early 2000 scandal the US government and the NASDAQ implemented that the directors of the company has to be independent so that no information on inside trading. As the directors are independent there is no chance of getting any inside knowledge about the company by the investors. B) Information content of analysts forecast Elton (1986) studied that excess return can be earn once due allowance had been made for risk by buying upgraded stocks or stocks that were in a higher classification and selling downgraded stocks or stocks in a lower classification. However it needs a certain warranty before the trading on a brokers recommendation. Therefore the investors need to accelerate their trade because there is no certainty with the information. Conclusion- In fundamental way the prices may differ from long and slow movement but in two ways EMT is still useful. 1) For shorter period, examples as days, weeks and months. EMT can explain the movement of stock price changes with considerable evidence. That is the answer of stock prices to all new information reasonably the change in the core value of the assets.2) EMT serves as a scale for how prices should move if capital investment, funds, assets are to be allocated efficiently. All the outcomes depend on the transparency of information, the effectiveness of regulation and the prospect of rational arbitragers will drive out noisy investors. In fact the informational efficiency of stock prices moves across markets to markets and country to country. Whatever the outcomes of capital markets, there is no better alternatives of allocating investment capital. In fact most countries have recognized it for their future goal. Critics may say that an EMH passionate would not pick up a hundr ed dollar note from the road because according to the EMH, that note cannot be there, either the note is fake or somebody must already have picked it up. EMH can make investors miss some investment opportunities on their investment, but it will also protect the investors from hidden and unknown risks.

USS Leyte (CV-32) - Korean War Aircraft Carrier

Nation:  United StatesType:  Aircraft CarrierShipyard:  Newport News ShipbuildingLaid Down:  February 21, 1944Launched:  August 23, 1945Commissioned: April 11, 1946Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1970 Specifications Displacement:  27,100 tonsLength:  888 ft.Beam: 93 ft. (waterline)Draft:  28 ft., 7 in.Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed:  33 knotsComplement: 3,448 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft A New Design Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys  Lexington- and  Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were planned to fit within the restrictions set forth by the  Washington Naval Treaty. This placed limitations on the tonnage of different types of warships as well as capped each signatory’s total tonnage. These types of rules were furthered by the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As world tensions increased, Japan and Italy left the treaty structure in 1936. Upon the collapse of this system, the US Navy began work on a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carriers and one which utilized the lessons learned from the  Yorktown-class. The resulting design was longer and wider as well as incorporated a deck-edge elevator system. This had been used earlier on  USS  Wasp  (CV-7). In addition to carrying a more sizable air group, the new class mounted a greatly enlarged anti-aircraft armament. Work began on the lead ship,  USS  Essex  (CV-9) on April 28, 1941. With the US entrance into  World War II after the  attack on Pearl Harbor, the  Essex-class rapidly became the US Navys standard design for fleet carriers. The first four ships after  Essex  followed the types original design. In early 1943, the US Navy made multiple changes to improve future vessels. The most noticeable of these alterations was the lengthening the bow to a clipper design which allowed the addition of two quadruple 40 mm mounts. Other changes included moving the combat information center below the armored deck, improved aviation fuel and ventilation systems, a second catapult on the flight deck, and an additional fire control director. Though known as the long-hull  Essex-class or  Ticonderoga-class by some, the US Navy made no distinction between these and the earlier  Essex-class ships. Construction The first ship to move forward with the revised  Essex-class design was USS  Hancock  (CV-14) which was later re-dubbed Ticonderoga.  It was followed by additional vessels including USS Leyte (CV-32).  Laid down on February 21, 1944, work on Leyte began at Newport News Shipbuilding.  Named for the recently fought Battle of Leyte Gulf, the new carrier slid down the ways on August 23, 1945.  Despite the end of the war, construction continued and Leyte entered commission on April 11, 1946, with Captain Henry F. MacComsey in command.  Completing sea trails and shakedown operations, the new carrier joined the fleet later that year. Early Service In the fall of 1946, Leyte steamed south in consort with the battleship USS Wisconsin (BB-64) for a goodwill tour of South America.  Visiting ports along the continents western coast, the carrier then returned to the Caribbean in November for additional shakedown and training operations.  In 1948, Leyte received a compliment of new Sikorsky HO3S-1 helicopters before moving to the North Atlantic for Operation Frigid.  Over the next two years it participated in several fleet maneuvers as well as mounted an air power demonstration over Lebanon to help deter a growing Communist presence in the region.  Returning to Norfolk in August 1950, Leyte quickly replenished and received orders to move to the Pacific due to the beginning of the Korean War. Korean War Arriving at Sasebo, Japan on October 8, Leyte completed combat preparations before joining Task Force 77 off the Korean coast.  Over the next three months, the carriers air group flew  3,933 sorties and struck a variety of targets on the peninsula.  Among those operating from Leytes deck was Ensign Jesse L. Brown, the US Navys first African American aviator.  Flying a Chance Vought F4U Corsair, Brown was killed in action on December 4 while supporting troops during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir.  Departing in January 1951, Leyte returned to Norfolk for an overhaul.  Later that year, the carrier began the first of a series of deployments with the US Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean.   Later Service Re-designated an attack carrier (CVA-32) in October 1952, Leyte remained in the Mediterranean until early 1953 when it returned to Boston.  Though initially selected for deactivation, the carrier received a reprieve on August 8 when it was selected to serve as an anti-submarine carrier (CVS-32).  While undergoing conversion to this new role, Leyte suffered an explosion in its port catapult machinery room on October 16.  This and the resulting fire killed 37 and injured 28 before it was extinguished.  After undergoing repairs from the accident, work on Leyte moved forward and was completed on January 4, 1945.   Operating from Quonset Point in Rhode Island, Leyte commenced anti-submarine warfare activities in the North Atlantic and Caribbean.  Serving as flagship of Carrier Division 18, it remained active in this role for the next five years.  In January 1959, Leyte steamed for New York to begin an inactivation overhaul.  As it had not undergone the major upgrades, such as SCB-27A or SCB-125, that many other Essex-class ships had received it was deemed surplus to the fleets needs.  Re-designated as an aircraft transport (AVT-10), it was decommissioned on May 15, 1959.  Moved to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet in Philadelphia, it remained there until being sold for scrap in September 1970. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Leyte (CV-32)NavSource: USS Leyte (CV-32)Hull Number: USS Leyte (CV-32)

Emma Bovary And Ivan Ilych Evidence Of Psychoanalysis...

Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern day psychology and psychoanalysis, described human consciousness as the combination of three elements, id, ego and superego. The id is what controls our personal desires, the superego controls our ideas about where we fit in society and the ego is in between these two elements balancing their effects to help us make rational decisions. Despite the fact that these theories were developed well after Flaubert wrote Madame Bovary or Tolstoy wrote The Death of Ivan Ilych the main characters of each (Emma and Ivan) both represent people who have become dominated by one aspect of their subconscious. Whereas Emma is dominated by her id, seeking only selfish pleasures in life, Ivan is dominated by his†¦show more content†¦This attitude of Emma is most apparent in a scene towards the end of the novel in which Emma attends a masquerade ball with Leon in Rouen. After the dance they go to a seedy restaurant where Emma has a fainting spell. After recovering, she thought of Berthe, sleeping in the maids room back in Yonville (252). After a loud cart rumbles by, disrupting her train of thought, the next thing she thinks is everything, including herself, seemed unbearable to her. She wished she could fly away like a bird and make herself young again somewhere in the vast purity of space (252). Here, Flaubert juxtaposes the image of Emmas pre-school aged child sleeping with her desire to restart her life and try again. These contrasting images powerfully show Emmas indifference towards her child, and reveal her complete selfishness. While her feelings towards her daughter show how Emma is controlled by her id, she also displays a lack of superego function, as she commonly is unconcerned with the rules of society. At the peak of her relationships with both Rodolphe and Leon, Emma defiantly chooses to not to care if she is seen in public with her lovers. This lack of discretion finally works against her when one day in Rouen, Monsieur Lheureux met her as she was leaving the Hà ´tel de Boulogne on Leons arm. She was frightened, for she was sure he would talk. But he was not foolish enough to do that.

John Lewis Partnership Logistics Management †Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: The Fundamental reasons for success, with a comparison to another successful and an unsuccessful company? How does the company maintain its competitive advantage, here the concept of sustainability may again be of interest? Is the companys formula for success suitable for other companies and if so explain why, if not explain why? What Supply chain challenges does the company face when dealing with demand fluctuations and comment on how the supply chain investments support its overall customer service and resources utilisation objectives? What prerequisites are important for the operation of the lean systems that are in place? Answers: Executive summary John Lewis Partnership will meet the changing demand patterns by using an automatic system. The automatic system SANDC will work in an eco friendly manner and increase the efficiency of the machine. The change in patterns of the work flow will be addressed by the machine. The machine will work in an environmental friendly manner. The sustainability issues due to fluctuations in demand have been addressed in the report. Introduction John Lewis Partnership is one of the top retail business houses in UK (Knowledge, 2015). The company is known for selling high quality goods to the customers. The sales of the company have been strong. Even in the times of recession, the company has been performing well. Six distribution centers distribute the products of John Lewis (BITC Diversity - Opportunity now, 2012). The ware housing capacity of the organization has to be increased. The existing infrastructure could be improved by introducing a semi automated national distribution centre. The automated technology will improve the efficiency of the distribution system (John Lewis, 2015). The new ware house system will work in an environment friendly manner. It will have features like solar panels, process of collection of storm water, 15% roof lights and automated lighting control systems. Reasons for success of John Lewis Partnership John Lewis Partnership is owned by its employees. On the other hand most of the retail chains are owned by share holders. The JLP has been growing strongly over the past years. The difficult times did not affect the financial performance of the organization. The work place democracy is one of the major reasons behind the success of the organization. The share of the annual profit is including the bonus is given to all the employees. The company has focused on its long term growth by proper planning and building the strength of its brand. The strong partnership with the employees is a major reason behind the success of the organization. This has increased the sales of the organization. The company has been able to maintain its strong brand presence on the basis of the quality, service, value and partnership. This has helped the organization to maintain the sales even when the organizations are offering cheaper alternatives to the consumers. Price competition has been the major issue f or the organization in maintaining its competitive advantage. This issue is seen mainly in the UKs concentrated food retail sector. However, JLP is considering strategies such as Essential Waitrose that offers food products at low prices without compromising with the Waitrose brand identity (BBC News, 2013). Other reasons contributing to the success is the diversity of the organization. The main purpose of the organization is the happiness of all the members and satisfying the employees which is the main driver for the success of a business. The two main trading arms of the organization are the John Lewis Departmental Stores and the Waitrose Food Stores (John Lewis, 2015). Amongst all the partners in the organization, 58% of the partners are women. The percentages of female employees in the organization are 59 % women in the non management, 53% women belong to the middle managers and 39% of the women are senior managers. The work at John Lewis is grounded on diversity of gender at w orkplace and cultural trends that are seen related to the work force and the customers (Butler, 2013). Alternatives chosen by the business to address to the increase in demand With the increase in demand, greater number of products needs to be picked up. At present there are 33 picking stations. The picking station consists of 12 tote bins at the lower level of the conveyer. The upper level of the conveyer, the tote bins are brought to the front of the picker. In an hour in the system, 650 picks can be achieved. On completion of the picking to the store bins, the bins are moved away by the conveyer system. The computer system has to be developed in the big ware house. An automatic system has to be installed in the organization to meet the increasing demand of the organization. Computerized system can be installed in the organization using robots. The Robots will do the picking. The Robotic system will simplify the process of dispatching the products (Ellul, 2010). The increase in demand for the products can be managed easily. This will make the ware house more efficient. There will no issues regarding the delivery of the product to the end users (Negriboss i.com, 2015). The computer controlled system has revolutionized the process of working in the organization. The way in which the products are picked up can be managed using a robotic system within the organization (Accenture.com, 2015). The automated system will simplify the process of working within the organization. The industrial robots are of variety of shapes and sizes. They can lift the heavy items from one place to another. They can also assemble various goods. The robots can be manipulated using the computerized control system. Robots can also work in groups (CNET, 2014). The robots can pick up the goods and place them in the conveyer belt. Earlier the number of picks was limited only to 650. But now the picks can be increased with the rise in demand for the product. The use of robotic system is an innovative system for the organization. The organization can meet its excess demand with the computerized system. Instead of using a manual system, the organization must focus on automating the system. The use of Robotics is an innovative modern technology that will help the organization to grow. The robotic system has sensors that will detect the various happenings in the production line of the organization. The sensor can send data to the computer. The process will control the data received from the sensors. The line in which the picking ups will be done will consist of hundreds of sensors that are connected to the software system. The process will comprise of series of steps. The steps will be repeated automatically. The installation of the robots is expensive. But the organization can install robots to meet the increase in demand. The robots can work for 24 hours without any break. The robots will perform in an accurate manner in comparison to the human beings. Thus more products can be picked up. The robot does not require a healthy working environment and they can perform in unhealthy conditions. Supply chain challenges faced by the organization The retail sector has evolved from the bricks and mortar stage business to an omni-channel offering. The omni channel system will help the major retailers for fundamentally redesigning the supply chain. The industry has undergone changes due to the growth in the supply chain. There has been considerable rise in home deliveries. This has increase the need for supply chain. The click and collect services can also be managed using efficient supply chain management system. The retailers will be able to able to fulfill the expectations of the customers by putting the supply chain at the heart of the operation system. Online retailing has become very successful in the organization (Supplychainquarterly.com, 2015). The organization has maintained its leadership in omni retailing. Since the online retailing has become very popular in the organization, home delivery has become very popular. The evolution of the e-commerce has increased the burden on the supply chain (Knowledge, 2015). The omn i channel retail face the following challenges Alignment of the inventory with the omni channel demands There has been rise in the number of channels to the customers. It is challenging for the organization to keep a clear picture of the inventory requirements. The maintenance of the inventory requirements has become essential across the enterprises that are supported by the retail value chain. The inventory issue faced by the organization includes challenges in merchandising, allocation of inventory, marketing and promotions. The customer expectations have been increasing. The customers are searching for more fluent options for purchasing such as purchasing online with immediate or same day delivery. This has pressurized the supply chain of the organization. The customers expectation has also increased regarding the pick up in store or the flexibility or returning or exchanging the online purchases to the different locations. This has put severe pressure on the omni retailing services provided by John Lewis Partnership. It has put compounding effect on the staff members who are lookin g for a specific structure for the management of supply chain (Duncan and Duncan, 2013). Supply chain visibility has to be more profound. This has been challenging for the organization (The Loadstar, 2013). Technology Integration issues in Omni channel retailing There are various technology integration issues faced by John Lewis Partnership. The retailers complain regarding the technology integration issues that hinder their ability to offer to the customers. The technology issues hinder the ability of the organization to provide service to the customers. This has created huge problems for the retailers. Omni channel maturity in retailing is considered as the key way for a brand to stand out. The retailers have been facing various problems in increasing their service to the customers. But the company faces several barriers in making the companys way of becoming one of the integrated omni channel organization. In order to maintain the omni channel in a proper way, the organization has to hire omni-channel teams. However there have been several issues in managing the teams. The teams are faced with different priorities that are conflicting. This has hampered the implementation of omni-channel strategy in the organization (Comcare.gov.au, 2015) . Flexibility of SANDC to change in demand patterns The warehouse system has to increase its capacity. This can be done by introducing a semi automated national distribution centre (SANDC). The automated technology can handle the small sized items by employing the latest technology. The automated technology will improve the efficiency of the organization as well as the accuracy. It can cater to the change in the patterns of demand during the peak seasons. The back of store facilities can be reduced by using the automatic technology. The SANDC can also assemble the goods in a proper sequence. The items can be stored individually in a proper place. This will fasten the process of delivery of the goods. The green technology and the sophisticated automatic systems are expensive. The organization has to make long term investments but it also leads to potential savings for the organization. The distribution centre will help the organization in catering to the rise of the demand. There is a fluctuation of demand during the various periods of the year. The distribution centre has helped to support the retailers in increasing the multichannel of business. It has also helped to minimize the impact on the business. The flexibility of the SANDC has helped to minimize the variability of the demand. The flexibility of the SANDC to serve the variability in demand will make the centre ideal for John Lewis multi channel proposition. The multichannel offer using SANDC will increase the brand value of the organization. Currently, 70% of the products are sent to the departmental store of John Lewis and 30% of the products are sent directly to the customers. John Lewis wants to expand its direct customer service. As online shopping has become very popular in UK, increasing the service to the customers is essential to meet the increase in demand. The automatic system at John Lewis will enhance the efficiency of the supply chain. It will also enhance the downstream process of organization. The automatic system will make it easier to p ick the products. Segregation of the products will be easier in the organization. The time consumed in traditional ware housing can be saved. The automatic system will improve the process of controlling the stock. It is very difficult for the organization to handle residual stock. This will improve the sustainability of the work process in the organization. The organization can implement the automatic system and work in an environmental friendly manner. Ways to improve the service of SANDC The demand for the product is changing constantly. To cater to the changes in the demand, SANDC has improved its operation. This will improve the efficiency of the automated system. The service levels will be improved. SANDC has to address to the ergonomic issues and sustainability issues. 1. Efficiency The automated system will increase the efficiency of the process by catering to the increase in demand during various times. This will help the organization to maintain the rise of the demand. SANDC has to meet the changing need of the rise in demand. This will preserve the brand value of the organization (cisco.com, 2015). The organization will be able to meet the need of the customers. This will be possible by increasing the efficiency of the automatic system. The flow of work will be simpler and the smoother. The organization will be able to gain competitive advantage over others. The demand of the customers has to be met in this increasing competitive environment. Integration of the process with information technology is essential for the long term success of the organization. This will improve the ability of the organization to provide service to the end users (Knowledge, 2015). 2. Service levels The automatic system has to improve its level of service. This will be possible by providing the customers with a consolidated and accurate real time inventory across all the stores of the organization. The transparency in the service is the key towards the success of the organization. The customers demand access to the physical store inventory information. The automatic system can be used to keep the inventory at standard levels. This will reduce the piling of inventory. This can be done by using an integrated system for managing the automatic process in the organization. This will bridge the gap between supply and demand for the product. The service for the product can be done in an efficient manner. 3. Ergonomic issues Various ergonomic issues can arise at work place. The ergonomic issues at work place can arise as a result of repetitive movements, manual handling at workplace related to a particular job or design of task and uncomfortable situations at workplace (Ilocis.org, 2015). Ergonomics is the process in which the work place environment can be designed with comfort to increase the efficiency of the organization. This will improve the levels of comfort and efficiency level of the organization (commerce.wa.gov.au, 2010). The SANDC can be used applying the principle of ergonomics to improve the productivity at workplace. The automatic system can be used in the organization to address to the various issues related to the work stations, layout of the equipment and use if computer systems (Comcare.gov.au, 2015). 4. Sustainability The automatic system has to address the sustainability issues in order to increase its performance (oecd.org, 2009). The automatic machine has to work in an environmental friendly manner. The automatic machine will reduce the need for back store facilities. The ware house has to be designed in an environment friendly manner having the various features like solar panels, process for collection of storm water and automated lighting control system (System et al., 2009). The use of green technology will reduce the harmful impact on the environment. The SANDC has to work in an environmental friendly manner. This will make the machine more efficient and energy saving. The environmental issues can be solved. Sustainability issues can be addressed by minimizing the error while processing the products. The efficiency of the machines has to be enhanced. This will provide competitive advantage to the organization. The process of order picking will be more efficient. The negat ive impacts of the automatic technology will be reduced (sustainablebrands.com, 2015). Pre-requisites that are essential for the operation of the lean systems For manufacturing using lean method, it is essential to use a systematic process. This will eliminate the waste during the manufacturing process; the lean system will also take into account the amount of waste that has been generated (Leanproduction.com, 2015). The waste is generally created due to unevenness of the work loads. Thus it has to be ensured while implementing the lean system that the products are not getting wasted. The sustainability issues have to be addressed while using the automatic system. This will make the process eco efficient. This will add value to the product by reducing the cost of wastage. The customer value will also enhance. Use of systematic method is also essential for the growth of the organization. The manufacturing industry uses the lean system to make their process of work simpler (Roosen and Pons, 2013). The cost of production will also reduce if the efficiency of the machine is increased. Conclusion The supply chain challenges faced by the organization can be solved by using the automatic system of work flow. This will make the work flow simpler and easier. The use of green technology will simplify the process of work at John Lewis Partnership. The retail sector has evolved from the bricks and mortar stage business to an omni-channel offering. The omni channel system will simplify the process of work that the major retailers use for fundamentally redesigning the supply chain. The industry has major changes due to the increased pressure on the supply chain. There has been considerable rise in home deliveries. This has increase the requirement for supply chain. The click and collect services can also be managed using efficient supply chain management system. The retailers will be able to able to fulfill the expectations of the customers by putting the supply chain at the heart of the operation system. Online retailing has become progressive for the company. Omni retailing has prov ided positive growth for the organization. Since the online retailing has become very popular in the organization, use of home delivery system has become very popular in the organization. The use of Robotics is an innovative modern technology that will help the organization to grow. The robotic system has sensors that will detect the various processes in the production line of the organization. The sensor will be able to send data to the computer. The process will control the data that is received from the sensors. The line in which the picking ups will be done will consist of various sensors that are connected to the software system. The process will comprise of sequences. The steps will be repeated in an automatic manner. Although the installation of the robots is very expensive, the organization can install robots to meet the increase in demand. The robots can work for 24 hours without any break. The robots will perform with precision in comparison to the human beings. Thus more products can be picked up. The robots can work in any environment that will fasten the process of work flow in the organization. References Accenture.com, (2015). Technology Vision 2014: Key IT Trends - Accenture. [online] Available at: https://www.accenture.com/microsites/it-technology-trends-2014/Pages/tech-vision-report.aspx [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. BBC News, (2013). The complicated art of retail logistics. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-24925474 [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. BITC Diversity - Opportunity now, (2012). John Lewis Partnership - The Business Case for Diversity. 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[online] Available at: https://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/atoms/files/manual_tasks.pdf [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. Duncan, S. and Duncan, S. (2013). The Challenges Retailers Face When it Comes to Omnichannel Success. [online] Power Retail. Available at: https://www.powerretail.com.au/editorial-2/challenges-retailers-face-in-omnichannel/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. Ellul, J. (2010). Magna Park: Built-in efficiency and sustainability. [online] Retail-week.com. Available at: https://www.retail-week.com/magna-park-built-in-efficiency-and-sustainability/5017356.article [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. Ilocis.org, (2015). Chapter 29 - Ergonomics. [online] Available at: https://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt29e.htm [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. John Lewis, (2015). More about us. [online] Available at: https://www.johnlewis.com/customer-services/information-about-john-lewis [Accessed 2 Feb. 2015]. John Lewis, (2015). Terms conditions. 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Comparison Between the Great Gatsby and Ebb Sonnets free essay sample

Comparison Between the Great Gatsby and Ebb Sonnets BY oliverl 12 A deeper understanding of aspirations and identity emerges from considering the parallels between the Great Gatsby and Brownings poetry. Compare how these texts explore aspirations and identity? Both the texts The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sonnets from the Portuguese by Elizabeth Barrett Browning explore the ideas of aspirations and identity developing a deeper understanding of the texts. Both texts share these ideas through the characters and the values of idealism and hope, and personal voice and dentity. Although the two texts are separated in time and context, they both reflect the world of the text and composer. Sonnets from the Portuguese was written during the 19th Century in the period known as the Victorian era. This was a period where the role of women was very limited and their position was within the home. This era is commonly associated with a society that was staid and conservative. The sequence appropriates the male voice and shifts it to a feminine voice, communicating the love story between Elizabeth and Robert Browning. The poems are intensely personal, exploring the power of love, the absence of love and making sense of the turbulent emotions involved with love. Brownings sonnets emphasize a type of idealized love, one that she hopes and dreams of. A love that is not ordinary, that is not based on physical appearance or on a feeling of pity or concern but for loves sake only through loves eternity (Sonnet 14). This personified statement of which she repeats continually throughout the sonnet emphasizes her demands which seem extremely idealistic and hard to meet. The sonnets explore the idea that she has never experienced love, and has only read about it, hence the discussion of Theocritus and the antique tongue in Sonnet 1, specifically love in its idealistic and dreamt state. This demonstrates how this text explores the idea of aspirations. Browning continues through her sonnets to attempt to explain what type of love she hopes and dreams for. Her hope of ideal love is something that can fulfill her completely, it is so special to her that it can hardly be repeated O love, thy words ave ill availed If, what this said, I dared repeat at last (Sonnet 28). She continues to list her idealized love in Sonnets 43 and 14, stating that love should be pure as men turn from praise, a love which people endure because it is right and correct. She again through imagery demands the purity of genuine love that can grow through time and endure on, through loves eternity. This clearly explores the idea of aspirations, hope and idealism within the sonnet sequence. The Sonnet sequence also involves the idea of identity with Barrett Browning coming ritten by Barrett Browning thus providing a personal voice to the sonnets allowing a portrayal of the sequence of events of her personal identity and expression of love. Throughout the sonnet sequence Browning develops a stronger sense and realisation of her love for Robert, hence shaping her identity. By sonnet 43 a series of elements introduced by the simple phrase l love thee where the repetition intensifies the affirmation, she declares that her love is free and pure and possesses passion. Most importantly Browning now holds a sense of identity as she has chieved her idealized type of love. The Great Gatsby was written in the early 20th Century during the period known as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz age. It was a time where money was spent extravagantly on having a good time, but more commonly it was a period of social upheaval, a time of changing values when the roles that people had played for so many years were simply abandoned. The character Gatsbys cars, lavish parties, reckless conduct and carelessness is all part of this atmosphere of enjoyment in the context of the 1920s. Like Browning, Gatsby also shares similar aspirations, also longing for an ideal type of love that is not ordinary. But Gatsbys idea of love is simply to recreate the past that he had with Daisy, whereas Browning explains the type of love she demands at length. Nick, the narrator describes Gatsby as a dreamer, a man who believes in the love he creates in his imagination an ideal world with his ideal woman Daisy, and then attempts to live out the fantasy in reality. His love for Daisy is pure but obsessive, primarily based on the relationship that he had with her 5 years ago committing himself to the following of a grail. Nick the narrator states that Daisy vanished into her rich house, into her rich, full life, leaving Gatsby†nothing. He felt married to her that was all. Nick seems to be implying that Daisy appears to be incapable of possessing real love. She contributes nothing to the relationship and will always return to Tom her husband, despite Gatsbys greater, genuine love for her. Gatsbys relationship with daisy does not ever really start and in the end he meets a violent death because of his hope. This clearly explores the idea of aspirations in the ext. Like Brownings sonnets, The Great Gatsby also involves the idea of identity, through the characters Gatsby and Daisy, but more as an illusion and unrealistic. This idea of a missing identity is evident in Chapter 1 when Nick describes Gatsbys mansion being only a replica ofa real castle it was a factual imitation of some hotel de ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a think beard of raw iW. Gatsby tries to give the impression that his wealth is inherited but in reality everything about Gatsby is an illusion. Similar to Gatsby is Daisy. Nick writes her face was sad and lonely. Her happiness is an illusion. For all her wealth and comfort, true love is still missing. Both Gatsby and Daisy are literally missing an identity, living an illusion. This text clearly explores the ideas of both aspirations and identity in similar context to Barrett Brownings sonnets. Elizabeth Barrett Browning share and explore ideas of aspirations and identity. Their comparison of context, characters and themes provides a deeper understanding of the ideas represented in the two texts. Word count: 1054